Irfan Ahmed, PhD

A Few Differences Between the Harvard System and the APA System   Frequently used in Translation Studies, the Harvard Referencing System is like the APA Referencing system in that both are Name and Date systems. It is basically the same as the APA System (which is also used in Translation Studies). A few differences, however, exist between the two systems, which may be regarded as indicators of the kind of specific standard format (writing style) a thesis, a paper, or a book uses: (1)           The list of references included at the end of a document is named “Reference List” in the Harvard System instead of “References” as in the APA System . (2)           An edited work is marked with “ed[s].” or “edited by {NB: the first letter is not capitalized}” in the “Reference List” in the Harvard System but “(Ed[s].).” in the “References” in the APA System . The “ed[s].” or “edited by” indi...